ABSTRACT
El compromiso genitourinario en una infección causada por Salmonella spp es poco frecuente, especialmente en niños. Se presenta un paciente de 40 días de vida que presentó una orquiepididimitis por Salmonella entérica serotipo Newport, con documentación microbiológica en hemocultivos, cultivo de secreción escrotal y coprocultivo. No presentó compromiso del sistema nervioso central. Un tratamiento médico y quirúrgico tempranos permitieron la evolución favorable del paciente.
Genitourinary involvement in a Salmonella spp infection is rare, especially in pediatric patients. A 40-day-old patient who presented an orchiepididymitis due to Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport is reported, with microbiological documentation in blood cultures, culture of scrotal purulent material and stool culture. There was no involvement of the central nervous system. Early medical and surgical treatment allowed the favorable evolution of the patient.
ABSTRACT
La meningitis por estreptococo beta hemolítico, en particular del grupo A, o Streptococcus pyogenes, es una rara localización del grupo de infecciones invasivas por este microorganismo. Se presenta con frecuencia en niños sanos, sin factores predisponentes. Representa el 0,2-1 % de todas las meningitis. Generalmente, se instala por diseminación de la infección de un foco cercano. El agregado de clindamicina mejora la eficacia del tratamiento por su acción de inhibición de la síntesis proteica, que incluye la producción de toxina. La clindamicina incrementa la acción bactericida al actuar sobre el ribosoma bacteriano. La patogenia de la enfermedad no es clara; se propuso la asociación con exotoxinas. La coinfección con el virus influenza favorecería infecciones invasivas. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 6 años de edad previamente sano con diagnóstico de meningitis por estreptococo beta hemolítico del grupo A, localización poco frecuente en niños.
Beta hemolytic particularly of group A Streptococcus meningitis, is a rare site of the group of invasive infections caused by this microorganism. It occurs frequently in healthy children, without predisposing factors. It represents 0.2-1 % of all meningitis. It is usually installed by dissemination from a nearby focus. The addition of clindamycin improves the treatment efficacy by inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, including toxin production. The pathogenesis of the disease is not clear, the association with exotoxins was proposed. Co-infection with the influenza virus would favor invasive infections. We present this case of a previously healthy 6-year-old boy with a diagnosis of beta hemolytic Streptococcus meningitis group A, a rare location in children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Meningitis/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics of invasive Haemophilus influenzae (HI) infection in children.@*Methods@#The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and treatment outcomes of 84 children with HI infection confirmed by bacterial culture in 7 tertiary children′s hospitals from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.@*Results@#Among the 84 cases, 50 were males. The age was 1.54 years (ranged from 5 days to 13 years).Twenty cases (24%) had underlying diseases and 48 cases (57%) had not received antibiotics before collecting specimens. Eighty-two cases (98%) had fever and 75 cases (89%) had clear infection foci, among which 31 cases (37%) had meningitis and 27 cases (32%) had pneumonia. Blood culture was positive in 62 cases (74%), cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive in 10 cases (12%), blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid culture were both positive in 11 cases (13%). Antibiotics susceptibility test showed that 27% (22/82) of all HI strains produced β-lactamases and 48% (37/77) strains were resistant to ampicillin. The drug resistance rates to cefuroxime, ampicillin-sulbactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin were 25% (20/80) , 20% (9/45) , 71% (44/62) and 19%(11/58), respectively. All strains were sensitive to meropenem, levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. After sensitive antibiotic therapy, 83% (70/84) of all patients were cured and improved, the mortality rate and loss of follow-up rate were 13% (11/84) and 4% (3/84) respectively.@*Conclusions@#Meningitis and pneumonia are common presentation of invasive HI infections in children. Mortality in HI meningitis children is high and the third generation of cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone can be used as the first choice for the treatment of invasive HI infection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical and molecular features of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in neonates and to investigate their antibiotic resistance profiles.Methods A total of 35 invasive CA-MRSA strains were collected from six hospitals in 2014.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and spa typing were used to analyze these isolated CA-MRSA strains.In vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of those strains to 15 antibiotics were analyzed by using agar dilution method.Results Up to 88.6% patients were late-onset infection and septicemia (24, 68.5%) was the most common infection among the 35 cases.A total of 16 patients (45.7%) suffered from complications.Caesarean section and premature birth were risk factors for invasive CA-MRSA infection.ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅣa-t437 (14, 40%) was the most predominant CA-MRSA clone, followed by ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅤ-t437 (13, 37.1%).The incidence of severe complications caused by ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅤ-t437 was higher than that caused by ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅣa-t437 (P<0.05).Up to 85.7% of the isolated CA-MRSA strains were multidrug-resistant strains.Conclusion This study shows that neonatal invasive CA-MRSA infections mainly result in septicemia and are often accompanied by complications and involve multiple organs.Multidrug-resistant CA-MRSA strains are prevalent in neonates.ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅣa-t437 is the predominant clone causing neonatal invasive CA-MRSA infection.
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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) has virulence factors similar to those of Streptococcus pyogenes. Therefore, it causes pharyngitis and severe infections indistinguishable from those caused by the classic pathogen. The objectives of this study were: to know the prevalence of SDSE invasive infections in Argentina, to study the genetic diversity, to determine the presence of virulence genes, to study antibiotic susceptibility and to detect antibiotic resistance genes. Conventional methods of identification were used. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion and the agar dilution methods and the E-test. Twenty eight centers from 16 Argentinean cities participated in the study. Twenty three isolates (16 group G and 7 group C) were obtained between July 1 2011 and June 30 2012. Two adult patients died (8.7%). Most of the isolates were recovered from blood (60.9%). All isolates carried speJ and ssa genes. stG62647, stG653 and stG840 were the most frequent emm types. Nineteen different PFGE patterns were detected. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin and levofloxacin, 6 (26.1%) showed resistance or reduced susceptibility to erythromycin --#91;1 mef(A), 3 erm(TR), 1 mef(A) + erm(TR) and 1 erm(TR) + erm(B)--#93; and 7 (30.4%) were resistant or exhibited reduced susceptibility to tetracycline --#91;2 tet(M), 5 tet(M) + tet(O)--#93;. The prevalence in Argentina was of at least 23 invasive infections by SDSE. A wide genetic diversity was observed. All isolates carried speJ and ssa genes. Similarly to other studies, macrolide resistance (26.1%) was mainly associated to the MLS B phenotype.
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) posee factores de virulencia similares a Streptococcus pyogenes y, en consecuencia, produce faringitis e infecciones graves indistinguibles de las generadas por este patógeno clásico. Los objetivos del estudio fueron conocer la prevalencia de SDSE en infecciones invasivas en Argentina, estudiar su diversidad genética, determinar la presencia de genes de virulencia, ensayar su sensibilidad a los antibióticos y conocer los genes de resistencia. Se emplearon métodos convencionales de identificación. La sensibilidad se determinó por difusión, Etest y dilución en agar. Participaron 28 centros de 16 ciudades argentinas. Se obtuvieron 23 aislamientos (16 del grupo G y 7 del grupo C) desde el 1-7-2011 hasta el 30-6-2012. Se registraron 2 muertes en adultos (8,7%). La mayoría de los aislamientos fueron obtenidos de sangre (60,9%). Todos eran portadores de los genes speJ y ssa. Los genotipos más frecuentes fueron stG62647, stG653 y stG840. Se detectaron 19 pulsotipos distintos. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a penicilina y levofloxacina, 6 (26,1%) presentaron resistencia o sensibilidad disminuida a eritromicina (1 mef--#91;A--#93;, 3 erm--#91;TR--#93;, 1 mef--#91;A--#93; + erm--#91;TR--#93; y 1 erm--#91;TR--#93; + erm--#91;B--#93;) y 7 (30,4%) fueron resistentes o tuvieron sensibilidad disminuida a tetraciclina (2 tet--#91;M--#93;, 5 tet--#91;M--#93; + tet--#91;O--#93;). La prevalencia anual en la Argentina fue de al menos 23 infecciones invasivas por SDSE y se observó una amplia diversidad genética. Todos los aislamientos presentaron los genes ssa y speJ. Como en otros estudios, la resistencia a macrólidos (26,1%) estuvo asociada, principalmente, al fenotipo MLS B.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Streptococcal Infections/classification , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Streptococcus/pathogenicity , Argentina , Streptococcus/genetics , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Cross-Sectional Studies/methodsABSTRACT
The incidence of invasive candida infection in critically ill patients is rising year by year. It's clinical manifestation lacks specificity which is easy to result in missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.Tradi-tional diagnosis methods need very long time and have low positive rate,which are easy to delay treatment,so early diagnosis is particularly important.1 ,3-β-D-glucan,mannan and antibodies,anti-enolase antibodies,can-dida score and colonization index may be helpful to make early diagnosis.
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We report a case of invasive infection due to Saprochaete capitata in a patient with hematological malignancies after chemotherapy treatment and empiric antifungal therapy with caspofungin. Although severely immunocompromised the patient survived been treated with amphotericin B lipid complex associated with voriconazole.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Fungemia/diagnosis , Fungemia/pathology , Hematologic Neoplasms/complications , Saccharomycetales/isolation & purification , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Echinocandins/therapeutic use , Fungemia/microbiology , Lung/pathology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microbiological Techniques , Microscopy , Radiography, Thoracic , Treatment Outcome , Voriconazole/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Background: Reports suggest that the prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has increased, and that CA-MRSA is more virulent than healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA. Aims: The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the invasiveness and prevalence of CA-MRSA in patients; we systematically reviewed the literature by conducting a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and PUBMED databases from the year these databases were established to January 2013. Results: The pooled CA-MRSA prevalence among 50,737 patients from 33 studies was 39.0% (range, 30.8-47.8%). The pooled CA-MRSA prevalence rates among pediatric and adult patients with MRSA infection were 50.2% (range, 37.5-62.8%) and 42.3% (range, 16.4-73.3%), respectively. The pooled CA-MRSA prevalence rates of MRSA-infected patients in Asia, Europe, and North America were 23.1% (range, 12.0-39.8%), 37.4% (range, 21.1-56.4%), and 47.4% (range, 35.8-59.4%), respectively. Using the random effects model, we determined that the pooled odds ratio of invasive infections in CA- and HA-MRSA was 0.30 (95% confidence interval: 0.08-1.10; P = 0.07, test for heterogeneity P < 0.00001). Conclusions: The prevalence of CA-MRSA in MRSA infection varied with area and population. No difference in the ability to cause invasive infections was found between CA- and HA-MRSA. This finding challenges the view that CA-MRSA is more virulent than HA-MRSA.
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Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a gram-positive bacillus that is most commonly implicated in pharyngitis and infections of the skin and soft tissue. Systemic and deep-seated infections caused by this organism are rarely reported in the literature. Recently, we encountered two cases of invasive infections caused by A. haemolyticum. We describe two cases, one with vertebral osteomyelitis with an epidural abscess and the other with a buttock abscess with bacteremia.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Abscess , Arcanobacterium , Bacillus , Bacteremia , Buttocks , Epidural Abscess , Osteomyelitis , Pharyngitis , SkinABSTRACT
Introducción. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) causa enfermedades invasivas de alta morbimortalidad, registrándose en la última década un aumento de la resistencia antibiótica. Material y métodos. Con el objetivo de estudiar la epidemiología del Sp, su susceptibilidad antibiótica y los factores de riesgo de resistencia a penicilina (RP), se evaluaron en forma prospectiva 274 pacientes con infecciones invasivas por Sp internados en el HNRG entre 1993 y 1999, inclusive. La mediana de edad fue de 21,5 meses (rango 1-180), la relación varón/mujer fue de 1,7:1; 11,8% eran desnutridos de II-III grado; 52,6% tenía enfermedad de base (respiratoria crónica o recidivante, 38,9%). A partir del aislamiento bacteriológico de Sp se realizó el seguimiento clínico-epidemiológico del paciente. Resultados. De 293 presentaciones clínicas, la más frecuente fue neumonía (64,2%), siguiendo meningitis (11,6%), sepsis/bacteriemia (10,9%), peritonitis (7,8%) y 16 pacientes presentaron formas asociadas. El Sp se recuperó de 325 materiales de cultivo: sangre, 55,1 %; líquido pleural, 27,1%; LCR, 9,2%; líquido peritoneal, 5,5% y otros, 3,1%. La RP global fue: 31,8% (87/274), con 17,9% resistencia (R) alta, observándose diferencias en la distribución anual. El 65,5% (57/87) de las cepas RP también lo eran a cefalosporinas de tercera generación (C3aG). Los factores de riesgo de infección por SpRP fueron: infección intrahospitalaria (RR 2,72; 2,00-3,69), tratamiento previo con ß lactámicos (RR 2,61; 1,91-3,55), neumonía (RR 2,06; 1,32-3,22), edad < 2 años (RR 1,72; 1,18-2,49). Los predictores independientes hallados con el análisis multivariado fueron: tratamiento antibiótico previo con ß-Iactámicos (p= 0,0003), infección intra hospitalaria (p= 0,0019) Yneumonía (p= 0,0445). La letalidad fue de 6,2% (17/274), no presentando correlación con laRP. Conclusión. Este tipo de estudios permite orientar conductas terapéuticas y el uso prudente de antibióticos.
Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and the increasing rates of drug resistant strains have been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections and the risk factors of Sp penicillin resistance (PR). Material & methods. Two hundred seventy four children with invasive pneumococcal infections hospitalized in a children hospital, in the 1993-1999 period; the median age was 21.5 montlis (1 month-18 years), the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Fifty two percent of cases reported an underlying disease. Results. The most frequent diseases were: pneumonia 64.2%, meningitis 11.6%, sepsislbacteriemia 10.9%, peritonitis 7.8%. Sp was recovered in 325 samples: blood in 55.1 %, pleural fluid 27.1 %, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 9.2%, peritoneal fluid 5.5% and other fluids obtained by puncture 3.1%. PR rate was 31.8% (87/274), 17.9% were highly resistant. Différences in the annual distribution was observed. 65.5% from PR strains were resistant to third generation cephalosporms too. PR was associated with: previous beta-lactam antibiotics therapy (RR 2.61; 1.91-3.55); nosocomial infection (RR 2.72; 2.00-3.69), pneumonia (RR 2.06; 1.32-3.22), and age under two years (RR 1.72; 1.182.49). Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis of binary predictors ofPR were: previous beta-Iactam antibiotics therapy (p=0,0003), nosocomial infection (p=0.0019) and pneumonia (p=0.0445). Mortality was 6.2% (17/274) without correlation with PR. Conclusion. These findings suggest the need for a continuous surveillance, control of drug resistant pneumococci and vaccination with an effective vaccine among high-risk patients.